Heart Diseases- Causes, Symptoms,types, Prevention & Treatment of Heart Diseases
>Beside cancer, heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans every day. Approximately 60 million Americans suffer from heart disease. I. Causes of Heart DiseasesThere are many causes of heart disease. Most heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL), accumulate in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fats and trans fats. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage or anything that serves to damage the lining of blood vessels and prevents the transport of oxygen and nutrition to the heart can be defined as risk of heart disease. II Symptoms of Heart diseasesBeside cancer, heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans every day. Approximately 60 million Americans suffer from heart disease. There are many causes of heart disease. Anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and prevents the transport of oxygen and nutrition to the heart can be defined as a heart disease risk. Here is an early indication of heart disease symptoms: 1. Leg cramps during walkingLeg cramps during exercise may be caused by dehydration. It is important to drink plenty of fluids during exercise. Leg cramps occur when the muscle suddenly and forcefully contracts. The most common muscles to contract in this manner are muscles that cross two joints. Leg cramps during walking might be a sign of heart disease caused by arteries in the legs crippled by the cholesterol in the result of not enough oxygen being delivered to cells in your leg. If symptoms persist, please consult your doctor. 2. PainChest chest pain is caused by blood vessels in the heart is temporarily blocked. It is also caused by the insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart muscle or coronary. The persistence of chest pain would be an early indication of heart disease. 3. BreathShortness Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is the main symptom of left ventricular failure. People suffering from shortness of breath were four times more likely to die of heart disease related cause than individuals without any symptoms. 4. HeadachesPeople see sparkling zigzag lines or loss of vision before a migraine attack may be particularly at risk of future cardiovascular problems. Usually headaches do not cause heart disease, but a sudden explosive onset of great pain might be. 5. DizzinessDizziness may have several causes, including a low blood count, iron levels in the blood and other blood disorders, dehydration, and viral diseases. As there are many different conditions that can produce these symptoms, everyone is experiencing episodes of severe headache or dizziness should be checked by your doctor. 6. PalpitationsPalpitations is an extremely common symptom of heart disease. Palpitations are skips in the beating heart and irregular heartbeat. 7. Loss of consciousness is a common symptom, most people spend at least once in their life. However, sometimes loss of consciousness indicates a dangerous life, even to a state such as heart disease and when unconsciousness occurs, it is important to understand the cause. There are many more symptoms such as fatigue, memory impairment and changes in tone and temperature. III. Types of heart The heart is a four DiseasesThe chambered, hollow muscle and double acting pump that is located in the thorax between the lungs. Heart diseases caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL), accumulate in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fats and trans fats. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage. There are some major types of heart disease: 1. Type of heart disease affecting heart chambersAs we mentioned in the preceding article, the heart is a hollow muscle and four chambered double acting pump that is located in the thorax between the lungs. Heart diseases caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL), accumulate in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fats and trans fats. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage. In this article we will discuss heart disease affecting the heart chambers. Heart failure is caused by the heart not pumping as much blood as it should and if the body does not receive as much blood and oxygen it needs. The malfunctioning of the heart chambers due to damage caused by the narrowing or blockage of arteries leading to your heart muscle. There are 4 heart chambers as follows: * The right atrium left atrium * * * The right ventricle The left ventricle. Heart diseases affecting the heart chambers include: A. FailureHeart congestive heart failure is caused by the heart not pumping as much blood as it should and if the body does not receive as much blood and oxygen it needs. The malfunctioning of the heart chambers due to damage caused by the narrowing or blockage of arteries leading to your heart muscle. dysfunction) diastolic contractile function is normal but it has affected the relaxation of the heart, impairing its ability to fill with blood causing the blood returns to the heart to accumulate in the lungs or veins. b) systolic dysfunction: The relaxation function is normal but it has affected the contraction of the heart causing the heart to not pump as much blood is returned to him as it normally does after more blood remaining in the lower chambers of the heart. B. diseasePulmonary pulmonary heart heart disease is caused by an enlarged right ventricle. It is known that heart disease resulting from a lung disorder in which blood flow in the lungs is slowed or blocked lungs causing increased pressure. The right side of the heart must pump harder to push against the increased pressure and can lead to enlargement of the right ventricle. 2. Heart Disease affecting the heart musclesIn cases of heart diseases affecting heart muscles, heart muscles are stiff, increasing the amount of pressure needed to expand the flow of blood through the heart or the narrowing of the passage Following obstruction of blood flow to the heart. Heart diseases affecting heart muscles include: 1. CardiomyopathyHeart muscle becomes inflamed and does not work as well as it should. There may be multiple causes such as blood pressure, heart valve disease, artery diseases or congenital heart defects. a) Dilated cardiomyopathyThe heart cavity is enlarged and stretched. Blood flows more slowly through an enlarged heart, causing clotting of blood clots due to sticking to the lining of the heart, rupture of the right ventricle into the pulmonary circulation in the lung to be removed and placed circulation of the body to form emboli. b) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathyThe wall between the two ventricles enlarged, obstructing blood flow from the left ventricle. Sometimes, the thickened wall distorts one leaflet of the mitral valve, causing a leak. Symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting and angina pectoris. c) the restrictive cardiomyopathyThe ventricles becomes excessively rigid, it is harder for the ventricles to fill with blood between heartbeats. The symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy include shortness of breath, swelling of hands and feet. 2. Myocarditis Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle and weakened heart muscles. The symptoms of myocarditis include fever, chest pain, congestive heart failure and palpitations. 3. Cardiac diseases affecting valvesHeart heart disease affecting heart valves occur when the mitral valve in the heart narrows, causing the heart to work harder to pump blood from the left atrium into the ventricle. Here are some types of heart diseases affecting heart valves: 1. StenosisMitral mitral stenosis is a valvular heart disease involves a narrowing or blockage of the opening of the mitral valve causing the volume and blood pressure increases in the left atrium. 2. RegurgitationMitral mitral valve regurgitation is heart disease including mitral valve in your heart does not close tightly causing the blood to be unable to move through the heart efficiently. Symptoms of mitral valve regurgitation are fatigue and shortness of breath. 3. ProlapseIn mitral valve prolapse mitral valve, one or two layers of the valve are too large resulting in the closure of the valve uneven during each heartbeat. Symptoms of mitral valves prolapse are palpitation, shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue and chest pain. 4. Aortic StenosisWith aging, collagen protein of the valves are destroyed and calcium deposits on the leaflets causing scarring, thickening, and stenosis of the valve therefore increasing the wear on the valves causing the symptoms and heart problems of aortic stenosis. 5. RegurgitationAortic aortic regurgitation is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, the aorta into the left ventricle. Symptoms of aortic regurgitation include fatigue or weakness, shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations and irregular heartbeats. 6. StenosisTricuspid tricuspid stenosis is the narrowing of the orifice of the tricuspid valve of the heart causing increased resistance to blood flow through the valve. Symptoms of tricuspid stenosis include the liver, fatigue, enlarged abdominal bloating, discomfort in the neck and leg and ankle swelling. 7. Tricuspid regurgitation. Tricuspid regurgitation is the failure of the blood of the right ventricle causing a leak back through the tricuspid valve and right ventricle into the right atrium of the heart. Symptoms of tricuspid insufficiency leg and ankle are swelling and swelling of the abdomen. 4. Heart disease affecting coronary arteries and coronary heart disease veinsHeart affecting the coronary arteries and coronary veins: the dysfunction of the heart may be due to damage caused by the narrowing or blockage of arteries leading to your heart muscle, as well as safeguarding blood in the veins. Types of heart disease affecting the coronary arteries and veins include: A. PectorisAngina angina occurs when the heart muscle does not receive oxygen much blood as it needs. Here are the 3 types of angina pectoris: a) anginaStable stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that typically occurs in the activity or stress caused by a deficiency of oxygen in the blood and muscles usually follows a pattern predictable. Symptoms of angina chest pain, tightness, pressure, feeling of indigestion and pain in the upper neck and arms. b) anginaUnstable Unstable angina is caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart. Without blood and oxygen, part of the heart begins to die. The symptoms of unstable angina include pain spread down the left shoulder and arm at the back, jaw, neck or right arm, chest discomfort and chest pressure. c) Variant angina also known as coronary artery spasmCaused by the narrowing of coronary arteries. This is caused by the contraction of smooth muscle of the vascular wall. The symptoms of variant angina include increased heart rate, pressure and chest pain. B. Heart attacks known as myocardial infarction or MIHeart attacks caused by plaque rupture with thrombus formation in a coronary vessel, resulting in an acute reduction in blood supply to part of the myocardium. Symptoms of MI include a sensation of chest compression, sweating, nausea and vomiting, pain in upper back and arm pain. C. The disease also called heart disease or coronary artery from the heart through the coronary arteries diseaseCaused hardening and shrinkage, thus cutting off blood flow to the heart muscle and lead to a heart attack. The symptoms of heart disease include shortness of breath, chest pain on exertion, palpitations, dizziness and fainting. D. Atherosclerosis or hardening of arteriesArteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to your heart and other parts of your body. Atherosclerosis is caused by plaques that rupture in result of blood clots that block blood flow or break off and travel to another part of the body. Atherosclerosis has no symptoms or warning signs. E. silent ischemia. Ischemia is a condition in which blood flow is limited to a body part caused by narrowing of the arteries of the heart. Silent ischemia means people have ischemia without pain. There is also no sign of warning before the heart attack. 5. Heart disease affects the heart liningRheumatic heart disease results from inflammation of the heart wall when too much fluid accumulates in the lungs leading to pneumonia. It is due to a malfunction of the heart to remove fluid from the lung circulation resulting in shortness of breath, coughing blood, pale skin and sweating. Heart disease caused by inflammation of one or endocardium pericardium is called heart disease affecting heart lining. Endocardium is the inner layer of the heart. It consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue. Pericardium is the sac filled with fluid that surrounds the heart and the proximal ends of the aorta, vena vava and pulmonary artery. 1. EndocarditisEndocarditis, which is an inflammation of the endocardium is caused by bacteria in the bloodstream and settle inside the heart, usually the heart valves, which consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue. This is the most common heart disease in people who have a valve damaged, diseased or artificial heart. Symptoms of endocarditis include fever, chilling, fatigue, muscle aches common, night sweats, shortness of breath, change in temperature and a persistent cough. 2. PericardiumPericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium. It is caused by infection of the pericardium is the thin, tough bag-like membrane surrounding the heart. The pericardium also prevents the heart from further expansion while the volume of blood increases. The symptoms of pericarditis are chest pain, mild fever, weakness, fatigue, cough, hiccups, and muscle aches. 6. Heart disease affecting the electric power system systemThe in the heart is responsible for the heart beats correctly so that blood can be transported to cells throughout the body. Any malfunction of the heart’s electrical system causes a rapid heartbeat, slow or irregular. The electrical system in the heart is responsible for ensuring that the heart beats correctly so that blood can be transported throughout our body. Any malfunction of electrical malfunction in the heart can cause heart beat fast, slow or irregular. Types of heart diseases that affect the electrical system are known as arrhythmias. They can cause the heart to beat too fast, too slow or irregularly. These types of heart disease include: a. TachycardiaSinus Sinus tachycardia occurs when the sinus rhythm is faster than 100 beats per minute, therefore it increases the oxygen demand of the myocardium and reduced coronary blood flow, thus precipitating an ischemia heart or valvular disease. b. BradycardiaSinus Sinus bradycardia occurs when a decrease in the heart results in cardiac output abnormally slow but steady beat less than 60 beats per minute. Symptoms of sinus bradycardia include a sensation of weightlessness of the head, dizziness, hypotension, dizziness, syncope. c. FibrillationAtrial atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat that starts in the upper parts (atria) of the heart causing irregular beating between the atria and the lower parts (ventricles) of the heart. The lower parts in May accelerated pulse and without a regular rhythm. Symptoms of atrial fibrillation include dizziness, lightheadedness, breathlessness, chest pain and irregular heart beat. d. FlutterAtrial atrial flutter is an abnormal heart rhythm that occurs in the atria of the heart, causing abnormalities and heart disease. Symptoms of atrial flutter include shortness of breath, chest pain, anxiety and palpitations. e. TachycardiaSupraventricular supraventricular tachycardia is described as originating from the rapid heart rate above the ventricles or lower chambers of the heart causing a rapid pulse of 140-250 beats per minute. Symptoms of supraventricular tachycardia include palpitations, lightheadedness, and chest pain. f. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia tachycardiaParoxysmal is described as an occasional rapid heartbeat. Symptoms can appear suddenly and may disappear without treatment. They may take a few minutes or 1-2 days. g. TachycardiaVentricular ventricular tachycardia is described as a rapid heart beat that originates in the ventricles of the heart. This is a potentially life-threatening arrhythmia because it may lead to ventricular fibrillation and / or sudden death. Symptoms of ventricular tachycardia include dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, shortness of breath and chest pain. h. FibrillationVentricular ventricular fibrillation is a condition in which the heart’s electrical activity becomes disordered causing the lower chambers of the heart to contract in a rapid, unsynchronized way resulting heart pumps little or no blood at all, causing death if untreated, after 5 minutes. There are many diseases affecting the heart’s electrical system, such as premature arterial contractions, Wolf Parkinson, etc. 7. DiseaseThere cardiac congenital heart disease that many people are born with. Congenital heart disease are caused by a persistent connection between the fetal arterial and venous. Congenital heart disease affects a part of the heart as the heart muscle, valves and blood vessels. Congenital heart disease refers to a problem with the heart structure and function due to abnormal heart development before birth. Each year more than 30,000 babies are born with some type of congenital heart defects in the United States only. Congenital heart disease is responsible for more deaths in the first year of life than any other birth defects. Some congenital heart diseases can be treated with medication alone, while others require one or more surgeries. The causes of congenital heart disease of newborns at birth may be due to blood sugar levels poorly controlled in women with diabetes during pregnancy, some hereditary factors that play a role in congenital heart disease, excessive consumption and alcohol side effects of certain drugs during pregnancy. Congenital heart disease are often divided into two types: cyanosis is caused by a lack of oxygen and not cyanotic. A. CyanoticCyanosis have a blue discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen in the blood vessels generated near the surface of the skin. It occurs when the level of oxygen in arterial blood is less than 85-90%. The lists below are the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease: a) fallotTetralogy Tetralogy of Fallot is a condition of several congenital defects that occur when the heart does not develop normally. It is the most common failing heart cynaotic and a common cause of blue baby syndrome. b) transport large vesselsTransportation great vessels is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Transposition of the great arteries is a congenital heart defect in which the 2 major vessels that carry blood away from the aorta and pulmonary artery of the heart are reversed. Symptoms of transporting large vessels include bluish skin, shortness of breath and poor feeding. c) a tricuspid atresia tricuspid atresiaIn there is no tricuspid valve so blood can flow from the right atrium to right ventricle. The symptoms of tricuspid atresia include bluish skin and lips, shortness of breath, slow growth and a poor diet. d) Total anomalous pulmonary venous return returnTotal anomalous pulmonary venous (TAPVR) is a rare congenital heart defect that causes cyanosis or blue. The symptoms of pulmonary venous return Total anomalous include poor nutrition, poor growth, respiratory infections and skin blue. e) arteriosusTruncus Truncus arteriosus is characterized by a ventricular septal defect large with a large, single great vessel arises. The symptoms of truncus arteriosus include bluish skin, poor nutrition, poor growth and shortness of breath. There are many more types of cyanotic heart left as Ebstein’s anomaly, hypoplastic right heart, and hypoplastic. If you need further information please consult your doctor. B. CyanoticNon Non-cyanotic heart defects are more frequent because of higher survival rates. The lists below are the most common non-cyanotic congenital heart disease: a) communication defectVentricular interventricular septum is a hole in the wall between the right and left ventricles of the heart causing right and left ventricles to work harder, pumping a greater volume of blood than usual due to left ventricular failure. Symptoms of abnormal ventricular septum include heartbeat fast, sweating, poor feeding, poor weight gain and pallor. b) communication inter-atrial septum defectAtrial is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of the heart causing freshly oxygenated blood to flow from the left upper chamber of the heart to the right upper chamber of the heart. Symptoms of atrial septal include breathlessness, fatigue and heart palpitations or skipped beats. c) aortaCoarctation coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the aorta between the branches of the artery of the upper body and the branches to the lower body causing your heart to pump harder to force blood through the narrow part of your aorta. The symptoms of coarctation of the aorta may include pale skin, shortness of breath and sweating. There are many more types of non-cyanotic cana as pulmonary stenosis, patent ductus arteriorus and atrio-ventricular. These problems may occur alone or together. Most congenital heart diseases occur as an isolated defect and is not associated with other diseases. 8. Other forms, Heart DiseasesIn this article we will discuss other types of heart disease that can affect any part of the heart including: * A cardiac tumor can be either benign or malignant) tumorsa benign. MyxomaMyxoma is a benign cardiac tumor. This is the most common tumor inside the cavities of the heart and most of them occur in the left atrium of the heart obstructing the normal flow of blood through the chambers of the heart. The symptoms of myxomatosis include paroxysmal dyspnea, weight loss, feverhemoptysis, dizziness and sudden death. b. RhabdomyomasMost of rhabdomyoma occurring in children or infants and are associated with tuberous sclerosis. It develops in the myocardium or endocardium and accounts for about one in five tumors that originate from the heart causing obstruction of blood flow, valvular insufficiency, and cardiac arrhythmias. Rhabdomyoma Symptoms include palpitations, chest pain, breathlessness and nausea. c. FibromasFibromas develop in the myocardium or endocardium. These tumors are composed of fibrous or connective tissue and tend to occur in heart valves and may be related to inflammation. Other than seeing or feeling the fibroma, there are no usual symptoms. d. Teratomas of the pericardium is often attached to the base of the great arteries, usually occurring in infants. They are rarer than cysts or lipomas, usually causes no symptoms. B) tumorsMalignant malignant tumors from elsewhere in the body and the spread of the heart are more frequent than those born in the heart. Malignant cardiac tumors may originate from any heart tissue. They occur mostly in children. a. AngiosarcomasAngiosarcomas account for about one third of all malignant cardiac tumors and usually start on the right side of the heart. The cause of angiosarcomas is usually unknown and symptoms of angiosarcomas differ according to the location of the tumor. Often, the symptoms are not apparent until the tumor is advanced. b. FibrosarcomasFibrosarcomas occur in soft tissue mass or tumor as a primary or secondary bone. The 2 main types of fibrosarcoma of bone arei) Primary fibrosarcoma is a malignant tumor fibroblast that produces variable amounts of collagenii) secondary fibrosarcoma of bone results from a preexisting lesion or after radiotherapy to an area of bone tissue soft. Symptoms include fibrosarcomas broken bones, pain, swelling, lump under the skin or bone, frequent urination and urinary obstruction. c. RhabdomyosarcomasRhabdomyosarcomas are composed of cancer cells that normally develop into skeletal muscles of the body and are also more common among children. They usually have some type of chromosomal abnormalities in tumor cells, which are responsible for tumor formation. Symptoms of rhabdomyosarcomas include bleeding from the nose, vagina, rectum, throat and tingling, numbness and pain. d. ) LiposarcomasLiposarcoma normally appears as a slowly growing, painless mass in the submucosa nonulcerated a person of middle age. Symptoms include tenderness, weakness, limitation of weight loss of movement, fatigue and weariness. * Sudden cardiac deathThe victim may or may not have diagnosed heart disease, and death is totally unexpected. Sudden cardiac death is the result of an abrupt loss of heart function. The cause of the discussed: sudden cardiac could be the result of coronary artery disease. * Hypertensive heart heart diseaseHypertensive diseases are caused by high blood pressure increases the workload of the heart. IV. 1. d). 2. 3. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 4. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 4. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 5. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. II. III. 6. 1. 2. 3. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 7. 8. blogspot. blogspot.
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